Released on March 20, 2023, the Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report concludes the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) of the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The report was adopted by the member countries at the IPCC Panel held from March 13 to 17, 2023 in Interlaken, Switzerland. It underscores the urgent need for policymakers to address global climate change, highlighting near-term risks and actionable options. Key findings of the report include the interaction of climate risks with each other and the benefits of combining mitigation and adaptation strategies. The report stresses the importance of equity in climate action and the opportunities presented by urbanisation for advancing climate-resilient and sustainable development. Additionally, it emphasizes that restoring and protecting land and ocean ecosystems is crucial for biodiversity and societal goals, with failure posing a significant risk to a healthy planet. This synthesis report draws on and collates the findings of the three AR6 reports: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis released by Working Group I, Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability released by Working Group II, and Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change released by Working Group III. It also includes material from the three special IPCC reports released during the same cycle: Global Warming of 1.5°C (2018), Climate Change and Land (2019), and The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (2019). The 186-page report is structured in two parts. The first part is a ‘Summary for Policymakers’ which is derived from the longer, second part and is composed for wide readership...
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- 186
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- India
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- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva
Table of Contents
- Foreword and Preface 5
- Contents 13
- Climate Change 2023 17
- Synthesis Report 17
- Summary for Policymakers 17
- Introduction 19
- A. Current Status and Trends 20
- Observed Warming and its Causes 20
- Observed Changes and Impacts 21
- Current Progress in Adaptation and Gaps and Challenges 24
- Current Mitigation Progress Gaps and Challenges 26
- B. Future Climate Change Risks and Long-Term Responses 28
- Future Climate Change 28
- Climate Change Impacts and Climate-Related Risks 30
- Likelihood and Risks of Unavoidable Irreversible or Abrupt Changes 34
- Adaptation Options and their Limits in a Warmer World 35
- Carbon Budgets and Net Zero Emissions 35
- Mitigation Pathways 36
- Overshoot Exceeding a Warming Level and Returning 39
- C. Responses in the Near Term 40
- Urgency of Near-Term Integrated Climate Action 40
- The Benefits of Near-Term Action 41
- Mitigation and Adaptation Options across Systems 44
- Synergies and Trade-Offs with Sustainable Development 46
- Governance and Policies 48
- Finance Technology and International Cooperation 49
- Climate Change 2023 51
- Synthesis Report 51
- Section 1 53
- Introduction 53
- 1. Introduction 54
- Section 2 57
- Current Status and Trends 57
- Section 2 Current Status and Trends 58
- Projected global GHG emissions from NDCs announced prior to COP26 would make it likely that warming will exceed 1.5C and also make it harder after 2030 to limit warming to below 2C 75
- Section 3 83
- Long-Term Climate and 83
- Development Futures 83
- Section 3 Long-Term Climate and Development Futures 84
- Remaining carbon budgets to limit warming to 1.5C could soon be exhausted and those for 2C largely depleted 99
- Every ton of CO adds to global warming 99
- Section 4 107
- Near-Term Responses in a Changing Climate 107
- Section 4 Near-Term Responses in a Changing Climate 108
- Annexes 133
- Annex I Glossary 135
- Annex II 147
- Acronyms Chemical Symbols 147
- Annex III 151
- Contributors 151
- Annex IV 159
- Expert Reviewers AR6 SYR 159
- Annex V 175
- List of Publications of the Intergovernmental Panel 175
- Index 179
