Probability
Probability is the branch of mathematics concerning numerical descriptions of how likely an event is to occur, or how likely it is that a proposition is true. The probability of an event is a number between 0 and 1, where, roughly speaking, 0 indicates impossibility of the event and 1 indicates certainty. The higher the probability of an event, the more likely it is that the event will occur. A simple example is the tossing of a fair (unbiased) coin. Since the coin is fair, the two outcomes ("heads" and "tails") are both equally probable; the probability of "heads" equals …
WikipediaPublications
PARI: The CounterMedia Trust · 7 June 2024 English
The National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) has conducted Household Consumption Expenditure surveys (HCES) regularly since its inception in 1950. Data on household consumption was collected annually from 1950–51 to 1973-74. …
replaced by Gaussian distribution (kernel). The probability density at any given point in the space is then …
PARI: The CounterMedia Trust · 1 June 2024 English
This report was published in June 2024 by the World Economic Forum based in Switzerland. The Global Gender Gap Report was first published in 2006; this is the 18th edition …
Stronger networks are associated with increased probability of career progression and receive more recruiter …
PARI: The CounterMedia Trust · 26 March 2024 English
The India Employment Report 2024 was published by the Institute for Human Development (IHD) in collaboration with the International Labour Organization (ILO) on March 26, 2024. It is the third …
Youth employment, education and skills xxiv The probability of any kind of employment is lower as education … for youths having technical education. The probability of being employed rises with age; it is higher …
PARI: The CounterMedia Trust · 12 February 2024 English
This is the first ever report on the ‘state of the world’s migratory species’ and was published through collaboration between UNEP-WCMC (UN Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre) and …
extinction risk by measuring the change in survival probability for a subset of species; this is determined … evaluation of whether any changes in survival probability represent genuine changes in status is still …
PARI: The CounterMedia Trust · 20 November 2023 English
The Emissions Gap Report 2023 was published on November 20, 2023 by the United Nations Environment Programme. It is the 14th edition of the annual UNEP Emissions Gap Report (EGR), …
to limit warming to 1.5°C with 50 per cent probability, and almost the size of the budget available … available for 2°C with 67 per cent probability. Global transformation of energy systems is thus essential, …
PARI: The CounterMedia Trust · 1 November 2023 English
This paper has been published in the Journal of Environmental Management in November 2023. It has been written by researchers Lea S. Schroder, Amol K. Bhalerao, Khondokar H. Kabir, Jurgen …
(coef(model)). They define the ratio between the probability of adopting a conservation practice when the … variable is increased by one unit compared to the probability of adoption if it’s not. This means for binary … participation in a training increases the adoption probability of all practices by a factor of 2 (e.g., inter- … adaptation theories Our research shows that farmers’ probability of adopting SWCP was significantly increased …
PARI: The CounterMedia Trust · 1 September 2023 English
The 2023 edition of the State of Working India report was published by Centre of Sustainable Development, Azim Premji University, Bengaluru, in September 2023. It presents household survey conducted in …
marital status, caste, religion and education on probability of being employed for women 98 Figure 4.4: Relationship … Relationship between husband’s earnings and probability of women’s employment 99 Figure 4.5: Impact … Impact of mother-in-law status on probability of being employed for women 100 Figure 4.6: Marriage increases … As the husband’s earnings rise, the wife’s probability of being employed first falls and then rises … where the husband’s earnings are high, the probability of the wife being employed is low, controlling …
PARI: The CounterMedia Trust · 20 March 2023 English
Released on March 20, 2023, the Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report concludes the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) of the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The report was …
outcome or a result: virtually certain 99–100% probability, very likely 90–100%, likely 66–100%, more likely … a 1.5°C global warming level is reached (50% probability) in categories of modelled pathways considered … could exceed 1.5°C relative to 1850–1900 with a probability between 40% and 60%, across the five scenarios …
PARI: The CounterMedia Trust · 15 March 2023 English
This report – the 24th edition of the Women & Men in India reports – was published in March 2023 by the Social Statistics Division at the National Statistical Office …
The under-five mortality Rate (U5MR) is the probability that a child born in a specific year or time … women are encouraged to be contesters as the probability of winning the election is more in comparison …
PARI: The CounterMedia Trust · 1 March 2023 English
First History Lessons is a series of three books published under ‘Revisiting the Craft of History Writing for Children’, a project by the Institute of Development Studies Kolkata (IDSK), Kolkata. …
foreign land was blocked again. He did not, in all probability, ever make it to East Pakistan. 23 Just like …
