Money
Money is any item or verifiable record that is generally accepted as payment for goods and services and repayment of debts, such as taxes, in a particular country or socio-economic context. The main functions of money are distinguished as: a medium of exchange, a unit of account, a store of value and sometimes, a standard of deferred payment. Any item or verifiable record that fulfils these functions can be considered as money. Money is historically an emergent market phenomenon establishing a commodity money, but nearly all contemporary money systems are based on fiat money. Fiat money, like any check or …
WikipediaPublications
PARI: The CounterMedia Trust · 1 August 2024 English
Biomass burning, used mainly for cooking, is a key contributor to Household Air Pollution (HAP). It poses health risks especially for women and children as they are directly exposed to …
930; 76.2% respondents find it challenging to save money, often resorting to borrowing. • Housing: 56.3% …
PARI: The CounterMedia Trust · 29 July 2024 English
This report is written by Suhas Chakma of Indigenous Peoples Law & Policy Program (IPLP), University of Arizona. Published in July 2024, the report examines the conflict between tiger conservation …
connivance with property dealers duped them of the money they received for relocation. These tribals were … compensate the displaced families with land and money, and ensure basic civic amenities in their new settlement … sanitation facilities. They did not even receive the money to build their huts at once, but in installments …
PARI: The CounterMedia Trust · 7 June 2024 English
The National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) has conducted Household Consumption Expenditure surveys (HCES) regularly since its inception in 1950. Data on household consumption was collected annually from 1950–51 to 1973-74. …
gambling including lottery tickets are also excluded. Money given as remittance, charity, gift, etc. is also …
PARI: The CounterMedia Trust · 18 March 2024 English
The working paper highlights how inequality in India declined in the period after independence until the 1980s, after which it started rising again. The paper compares the wealth and income …
the move was supposedly aimed at fighting “black money” (unaccounted incomes) stored as currency notes … either that the government’s claims about black money in the form of large currency notes were entirely … entirely misplaced or that this erstwhile black money was effectively legalized (without having to pay appropriate …
PARI: The CounterMedia Trust · 2 March 2024 English
Sakuni and Geeta Devi collect sal leaves from the Hehegara forest which they make into bowls and plates to sell in Daltonganj. The two neighbours and friends have been travelling …
PARI: The CounterMedia Trust · 23 February 2024 English
Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu. Young Dalit boys, all close friends, had signed up to work here hoping to earn money to pay off family loans, fill college fees and take care of other important expenses at home …
friends, had signed up to work here hoping to earn money to pay off family loans, fill college fees and take …
PARI: The CounterMedia Trust · 6 February 2024 English
Kuno is now a hunting ground for green political optics. Money and state influence are powering a cheetah safari in the guise of a conservation project. For the hundreds of displaced people who vacated …
now a hunting ground for green political optics. Money and state influence are powering a cheetah safari …
PARI: The CounterMedia Trust · 1 February 2024 English
In their 2024 working paper "Sexist Textbooks," Lee Crawfurd, Christelle Saintis-Miller and Rory Todd, researchers with the Center for Global Development, Washignton D.C., investigate gender bias in textbooks from 34 …
family did not have to worry about finding the money (p49) 5. On Wednesday afternoon, she is going to …
PARI: The CounterMedia Trust · 1 January 2024 English
The 2024 SDG Gender Index by Equal Measures 2030, a coalition of civil society and non-profit organisations, delivers a critical and sobering message on the state of gender equality with …
� Women who report they did not have enough money for adequate shelter/ housing in the past 12 months … countries. � Women who report having had enough money to buy food that they or their family have needed … 2.2) and women’s concerns about having enough money to buy food (Ind. 2.4). Gender equality and SDG … of women (15+ years) who reported having enough money to buy food that they or their family needed in … of women (15+ years) who reported having enough money to provide adequate shelter or housing in the past …
PARI: The CounterMedia Trust · 1 January 2024 English
Becoming a Young Farmer with the subtitle Young People’s Pathways into Farming: Canada, China, India and Indonesia is a collection of research papers published by Palgrave Macmillan in 2024 and …
non- farming children fairly while leaving enough money for the farm to remain viable for future generations …