The 1961 Census Atlas project was initiated after the Registrar General's circular of March 1959 to the State Census Superintendents which stated that “it will be very useful to have a map for every village and ward of a town showing the broad layout of the village and the housenumbers shown therein.” By August 1960, several State Census Superintendents had set up their map sections to facilitate this idea with the then Registrar General of India, Asok Mitra, overseeing the project. In a homage included at the beginning of the Census, Mitra remembers his colleague and author of this atlas Dr. Phularani Sengupta, who passed away before the atlas could be published. Recalling that Dr. Sengupta was appointed as the Map Officer in the Registrar General’s office from November 29, 1962, he adds that she had actually started working with the Census Commission even before then. During the early months of 1962, she had helped in the curation of contents for the atlas series. Dr. Sengupta handled the project at the centre and supervised work on it in the states...
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- Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India
Table of Contents
- COVER PAGE 1
- TITLE PAGE 5
- HOMAGE 7
- FOREWORD 9
- STATE ATLASES STANDARD CONTENTS 11
- PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 13
- CONTENTS 15
- ORIENTATION 19
- 1 India and the World 21
- 2 Political Divisions, 1961 22
- 3 Changes in Administrative Boundaries, 1951-61 24
- PHYSICAL ASPECTS 27
- 4 Physiography 28
- 5 Geology 30
- 6 Distribution of Minerals Used for Ferrous Metallurgical Industry 32
- 7 Distribution of Minerals-Metallic (Non-ferrous) and Non-metallic 34
- 8 Normal Monthly and Annual Rainfall 36
- 9 Rainfall Reliability, 1901-50 38
- 10 Rainfall Regions by Extent of Precipitation and Reliability related to Irrigational needs 40
- 11 Soils 42
- 12 Forests 44
- DEMOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE AND TRENDS Distribution, Density and Growth 47
- 13 Distribution of Population, 1961 48
- 14 Density of Population, 1961 50
- 15 Changing Pattern of Density of Population, 1951-61 52
- 16 Intercensal Changes in Population, 1901-21 54
- 17 lntercensal Changes in Population, 1921-51 56
- 18 lntercensal Changes in Population, 1901-61 58
- 19 Intercensal Change in Population, 1951-61 60
- 20 Growth of Population, 1951-61 62
- 21 Intercensal Change in Rural Population, 1951-61 64
- 22 Intercensal Change in Urban Population, 1951-61 66
- 23 Fertility Differentials, 1961 (child-woman ratio) 68
- Sex and Age Structure 71
- 24 Sex Ratio, 1961 (Number of Females per 1,000 Males) 72
- 25 Changing Pattern of Sex Ratio, 1951-61 74
- 26 Sex Ratio in Rural Population, 1961 76
- 27 Sex Ratio in Urban Population, 1961 78
- 28 Sex and Age-Structure, 1961 80
- 29 youthfulness of Population (Percentage of Population in Age-group 5-14), 1961 82
- 30 Proportion of Male Population in Working Age-group 15-59 1961 84
- 31 Proportion of Female Population in Working Age-group 15-59, 1961 86
- 32 Proportion of Male Population in Working Age-group 15-59 in Rural Areas, 1961 88
- 33 Proportion of Female Population in Working Age-group15-59 in Rural Areas, 1961 90
- 34 Proportion of Male Population in Working Age-group 15-59 in Urban Areas, 1961 92
- 35 Proportion of Female Population in Working Age-group 15-59 in Urban Areas, 1961 94
- Urbanism 97
- 36 Percentage of Urban Population to the Total Population, 1961 98
- 37 Rural and Urban Population, 1961 100
- 38 Distribution of Urban Centres by size of Population and Growth Character in Western Zone, 1961 102
- 39 Distribution of Urban Centres by size of Population and Growth Character in Northern Zone, 1961 104
- 40 Distribution of Urban Centres by size of Population and Growth Character in Eastern Zone, 1961 106
- 41 Distribution of Urban Centres by size of Population and Growth Character in Central Zone, 1961 108
- 42 Distribution of Urban Centres by size of Population and Growth Character in Southern Zone, 1961 110
- 43 Growth of Urbanism, 1901-61 112
- 44 Degree of Urbanism, 1961 114
- 45 Urban Concentration, 1941 116
- 46 Urban Concentration, 1961 118
- 47 Chronological Distribution of Cities with Population 100,000 & above, 1901-61 120
- 48 Chronological Distribution of Towns with Population 50,000-99,999, 1901-61 122
- 49 Chronological Distribution of Towns with Population 20,000-49,999, 1901-61 124
- 50 Chronological Distribution of Towns with Population 10,000-19,999, 1901-61 126
- 51 Chronological Distribution of Towns with Population 5,000-9,999, 1901-61 128
- 52 Chronological Distribution of Towns with Population Below 5,000, 1901-61 130
- 53 Chronological Distribution of Towns which lost Urban Status in any of the years, 1901-61 132
- 54 Cities with Population 100,000 & over according to their Predominant Functional Character, 1961 134
- 55 Towns with Population 50,000-99,999 according to their Predominant Functional Character, 1961 136
- 56 Towns with Population 20,000-49,999 according to their Predominant Functional Character, 1961 138
- 57 Towns with Population 10,000-19,999 according to their Predominant Functional Character, 1961 140
- 58 Towns with Population 5,000-9,999 according to their Predominant Functional Character, 1961 142
- 59 Towns with Population Below 5,000 according to their Predominant Functional Character, 1961 144
- MIGRATION 147
- 60 Immigrants (Residing 1-10 years) 148
- 61 Immigrants (Residing more than 10 Years) 150
- 62 Internal Migration, 1951-61 152
- ECONOMIC ASPECTS 155
- 63 Land Utilization, 1960-61 156
- 64 Intensity of Cropping, 1960-61 158
- 65 Acreage under Major Cereals, 1956-61 (Rice, Wheat and Millets) 160
- 66 Acreage under Pulses and Oilseeds, 1956-61 162
- 67 Acreage under Commercial Crops, 1956-61 164
- 68 Yield per acre of Rice, Wheat, Millets and Pulses (Average of 1956-61) 166
- 69 Area Irrigated by Various Sources, 1960-61 168
- 70 Major Irrigation Systems, 1961 170
- 71 Cropping Pattern of Irrigated and Non-Irrigated Areas, 1960-61 172
- 72 Crop Regions showing Average Gross Value of Output per acre of Cropped Area, 1956-61 174
- 73 Crop Regions showing Proportionate Distribution of Areas under Crops, 1958-59 176
- 74 Gross Value of Agricultural Output per Cultivating Household, 1960-61 178
- 75 Gross Value of Agricultural Output per Cultivator, 1960-61 180
- 76 Agricultural Holding per Cultivating Household, 1961 182
- 77 Agricultural Holding per Capita in Rural Areas, 1961 184
- 78 Agricultural Holding per Male Cultivator, 1961 186
- 79 Per Capita- Requirement and Supply of Staple Food-Crops (Cereals and Pulses), 1961 188
- The 1961 Census Industrial Categories 191
- 80 Proportion of Total Workers and Non-Workers to Total Population, 1961 192
- 81 Proportion of Rural Workers and Non-Workers to the Total Rural Population, 1961 194
- 82 Proportion of Urban Workers and Non-Workers to Total Urban Population, 1961 196
- 83 Proportion of Male Workers to Total Male Population in Age-group 15-59 in Rural Areas, 1961 198
- 84 Proportion of Male Workers to Total Male Population in Age-group 15-59 in Urban Areas, 1961 200
- 85 Proportion of Female Workers to Total Female Population in Age-group 15-59 in Rural Areas, 1961 202
- 86 Proportion of Female Workers to Total Female Population in Age-group 15-59 in Urban Areas; 1961 204
- 87 Proportion of Workers and Non-Workers to Total Employable Population of Age-group 15-59, 1961 206
- 88 Industrial Structure of Male and Female Population, 1961 208
- 89 Industrial Structure of Rural Population, 1961 210
- 90 Industrial Structure of Urban Population, 1961 212
- Population Employed in Cultivation, Agricultural Labourer, Livestock, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting ;& Plantations, Orchard and Allied Activities 215
- 91 Proportion of cultivators to Total Workers in 216
- 92 Proportion of Cultivators to Total Rural Population, 1961 218
- 93 Proportion of Male Cultivators to Total Male Workers in Age-group 15-59, 1961 220
- 94 Proportion of Female Cultivators to Total Female Workers in Age-group 15-59, 1961 222
- 95 Percentage of Agricultural Labourers to Total Agricultural Workers (Cultivators and Agricultural Labourers) in Age-group 15-59, 1961 224
- 96 Proportion of Non-agricultural Workers to Total Workers in the Primary Sector, 1961 226
- Population Employed in Mining and Quarrying Household Industries and Manufacturing 229
- 97 Proportion of industrial Workers in Mining and Quarrying Household Industry and Manufacturing to Total Working ' Population, 1961 230
- 98 Household Industries classified by Types and Size of Employment, 1961 232
- 99 Factories classified by Types and Size of Employment, 1961 234
- 100 Distribution of Factories and Workshops by size of Employment, 1961 236
- 101 Distribution of Food-Processing Industries, 1961 238
- 102 Distribution of Beverages and Tobacco Industries, 1961 240
- 103 Distribution of Textile Industries, 1961 242
- 104 Distribution of Leather and Wood-based Industries, 1961 244
- 105 Distribution of Metal-based Industries, 1961 246
- 106 Distribution of Non-Metallic Mineral-based Industries, 1961 248
- 107 Distribution of Engineering and Scientific Instrument Industries, 1961 250
- 108 Distribution of Transport Equipment Industries, 1961 252
- 109 Distribution of Chemical Industries, 1961 254
- Electricty 257
- 110 Distribution of Existing and Proposed Electricity Generating Stations, 1961 258
- 111 Transmission Network of Electricity, 1961 260
- 112 Generation Pattern of Electricity, 1961 262
- 113 Consumption Pattern of Electricity, 1961 264
- 114 Per Capita Generation of Electricity, 1961 266
- 115 Intercensal Change in Per Capita Generation of Electricity, 1951-61 268
- 116 Per Capita Consumption of Electricity, 1961 270
- 117 Intercensal change in Per Capita Consumption of Electricity, 1951-61 272
- 118 Distribution of Electrified and Non-electrified Towns with Population 20,000 and Above, 1961 274
- 119 Distribution of Electrified and Non-electrified Towns with Population below 20,000, 1961 276
- 120 Proportion of Rural Population living in Electrified Villages, 1961 278
- 121 Proportion of Urban Population living in Electrified Towns, 1961 280
- Transport and Communications 283
- 122 Percentage of Workers engaged in Construction, Transport and Communication Activities to the Total Workers in Rural Areas, 1961 284
- 123 Percentage of Workers engaged in Construction, Transport and Communication Activities to the Total Workers in Urban Areas, 1961 286
- 124 Density of Railways, 1961 (Kilometres of Railways per 10,000 sq. Kilometres of Area) 288
- 125 Kilometres of Railways per 10,000 of Population, 1961 290
- 126 Accessibility To Railways, 1961 292
- 127 Availability of Railways in Kilometres Per 100,000 of Population per 1,000 sq. Kilometres of Area, 1961 294
- 128 Density of Surfaced Roads, 1961 (Kilometres of Surfaced Roads per 10,000 sq. Kilometres of Area) 296
- 129 Kilometres of Surfaced Roads Per 10,000 of Population, 1961 298
- 130 Availability of Surfaced Roads Per 100,000 of Population Per 1,000 sq. Kilometres of Area, 1961 300
- 131 Accessibility To Surfaced Roads, 1961 302
- 132 Number of Passengers Originating Per Route Kilometre Per Day on Railways, 1961 304
- 133 Number of Motor Vehicles Registered Per 10,000 of Population, 1961 306
- Trade and Commerce 309
- 134 Percentage of Workers engaged in Trade and Commerce to the Total Working Population, 1961 310
- 135 Percentage Share of Workers in Wholesale Trade Retail Trade and Miscellaneous Trade to the Total Workers in Trade and Commerce, 1961 312
- Services 315
- 136 Percentage of Workers engaged in Services to the Total Working Population, 1961 316
- 137 Percentage of Workers in Public Services to the Total Workers in Services, 1961 318
- 138 Percentage of Workers in Educational and Scientific Services to the Total Workers in Services, 1961 320
- 139 Percentage of Workers in Medical and Health Services to the Total Workers in Services, 1961 322
- 140 Percentage of Workers in Personal and Other Miscellaneous Services to the Total Workers in Services. 1961 324
- SOCIO-CULTURAL ASPECTS Castes and Tribes 327
- 141 Percentage of Scheduled Castes to the Total Population, 1961 328
- 142 Percentage of Scheduled Tribes to the Total Population, 1961 330
- 143 Distribution of State-wise First Ten numerically, Major Scheduled Castes 1961 332
- 144 Distribution of State-wise First Ten numerically Minor Scheduled Castes, 1961 334
- 145 Distribution of State-wise First Ten numerically Major Scheduled Tribes, 1961 336
- 146 Distribution of State-wise First Ten numerically Minor Scheduled Tribes, 1961 338
- 147 Distribution of the First Fifteen numerically Strong Scheduled Castes, 1961 340
- 148 Distribution of the First Fifteen numerically Strong Scheduled Tribes, 1961 342
- 149 Distribution of Three Districtwise numerically Strong Scheduled Tribes, 1961 344
- Religion 347
- 150 Distribution of Major Religions, 1961 348
- Languages 351
- 151 Districtwise Distribution of Major Languages, 1961 352
- 152 Distribution of Population speaking Languages Other than Predominant Language of State/Union Territory as their Mother Tongue, 1961 354
- 153 Three numerically most important languages in the States/Union Territories, 1961 356
- 154 Percentage of Population speaking Hindi as First or Subsidiary Language, 1961 358
- Education 361
- 155 Literacy, 1961 (Percentage of Literates to Total Population by Number of Census Houses in Each, 1961 398-399 excluding Age-group 0-4, 1961 362
- 156 Intercensal change in Literacy, 1951-61 364
- 157 Male Literacy, 1961 (Percentage of Male Literates to Total Male Population excluding Age-group 0-4, 1961) 366
- 158 Female Literacy, 1961 (Percentage of Female Literates to Total Female Population excluding Age-group 0-4, 1961) 368
- 159 Intercensal Change in Female Literacy, 1951-61 370
- 160 Male Literacy in Rural Areas, 1961 372
- 161 Male Literacy in Urban Areas, 1961 (Percentage of Male Literates to Total Male Population excluding Age-group 0-4 in Urban Areas, 1961) 374
- 162 Female Literacy in Rural Areas, 1961 (Percentage of Female Literates to Total Female Population excluding Age-group 0-4 in Rural Areas, I961) 376
- 163 Female Literacy in Urban Areas, 1961 (Percentage of Female Literates to Total Female Population excluding Age-group 0-4 in Urban Areas, 1961) 378
- 164 Excess of Literates in Rural Areas Per 1,000 of Population in Age-group 5-14 over Literates Per 1,000 of Population in Age-group 15-34, 1961 380
- 165 Excess of Literates in Urban Areas Per 1,000 of Population in Age-group 5-14 over Literates Per 1 ,000 of Population in Age-group 15-34, 1961 382
- 166 Primary School Enrolment, 1961 (Proportion of Children of Castes and Tribes Age-group 5-14 at the level of Primary Education) 384
- 167 Primary School Enrolment of Boys, 1961 (Proportion of Boys in Age-group 5-14 at the level of Primary Education) 386
- 168 Primary School Enrolment of Girls, 1961 (Proportion of Girls m Age-group 5-14 at the level of Primary Education) 388
- 169 Number of School-going children of Age-group 5-14 Per 1,000 of Children of Age-group 5-14, 1961 390
- 170 Educational Enrolment of Population in Age-group 15-29, 1961 (Percentage of Population in Age-group 15-29 at the level of Secondary and Higher Education) 392
- 171 Educational Enrolment of Male Population in Age-group 15-29, 1961 (Percentage of Male Population in Age-group 15-29 at the level of Secondary and Higher Education) 394
- 172 Educational Enrolment of Female Population in Age-group 15-29, 1961 (Percentage of Female population in age-group 15-29 at the level of Secondary and Higher Education) 396
- 173 Number of Teachers Per 1,000 Students at the Primary Level of Education, 1961 398
- 174 Number of Teachers Per 1,000 Students at the Secondary Level of Education, 1961 400
- 175 Number of Teachers Per I ,000 Students at the University Level of Education, 1961 402
- 176 Number of Teachers of All Grades Per 100 Schools and other Educational Institutions in Rural Areas, 1961 404
- 177 Number of Teachers Per 1,000 of Population in Rural Areas, 1961 406
- 178 Schools and Other Educational Institutions including Training Classes, Coaching and Shop-classes Per 1,000 of Total Census Houses in Rural Areas, 1961 408
- 179 Schools and Other Educational Institutions including Training Classes, Coaching and Shop-classes Per 1,000 of Total Census Houses in Urban Areas, 1961 410
- Housing 413
- 180 Distribution of House Types, 1961 414
- 181 Percentage of Rural Population living in Villages arranged by Number of Census Houses in Each, 1961 416
- 182 Percentage of Rural Households occupying One, Two, Three and more than three Rooms, 1961 418
- 183 Percentage of Urban Households Occupying One, Two, Three and more than Three Rooms, 1961 420
- 184 Distribution of Households by Predominant Wall and Roof Materials in Rural Areas, 1961 422
- 185 Distribution of Households by Predominant Wall and Roof Materials in Urban Areas, 1961 424
- Health 427
- 186 Number of Medical Institutes Per 10,000 of Census Houses, 1961 428
- 187 Number of Hospital Beds Per 100,000 of Population, 1961 430
- 188 Number of Medical Doctors Per 100,000 of Population, 1961 432
- Demographic Regions 435
- 189 Natural Regions, Sub-Regions and Divisions 436
- 190 Socio-Cultural Demographic Regions, 1961 438
- 191 Economic Demographic Regions, 1961 440
